Papers

Nanopore-based single-molecule protein sequencing promises direct readout of amino acid sequences without amplification. This review examines three core nanopore strategies: (1) direct sequencing using aerolysin and Cu(II)-functionalized MspA nanopores that electrically discriminate all twenty proteinogenic amino acids with up to 99.1% classification accuracy; (2) label-assisted sensing that converts protein identity into DNA barcode or chemical tag signals for multiplexed detection; and (3) native protein sensing via electroosmotic flow through engineered CytK pores, enabling translocation of full-length proteins under opposing electrophoretic force. Deep learning-assisted post-translational modification detection at single-residue resolution is also discussed. Key challenges in translocation control, signal resolution, and bioinformatic infrastructure are evaluated.

本文系统综述了由我国研究团队独立提出并发展的完整宇宙理论体系。该体系以“信息本体论”为哲学基石，以“引力维度主导”为物理主线，构建了自洽的“宇宙八大公设”刚性基础。在此基础上，衍生出描述宇宙结构的“24维弹性语法”、阐明底层运作机制的“τ-g₀基元耦合模型”与“时间-引力基元模型”，以及诠释意识本质的“意识锚点”理论。τ-g₀基元理论最终以其“公设-维度-基元-因果-系统”的五重闭环，构建了一个兼具现实可证伪性与虚拟可应用性的宇宙统一模型。本文旨在梳理各理论模块的核心定义、数学表达与内在逻辑衔接，阐明其从微观量子尺度到宏观宇宙结构、从物质几何到意识涌现的统一性与自洽性，展示该理论体系在基础物理、宇宙学及意识科学领域的原创贡献与应用潜力。

传统基础物理学面临广义相对论与量子力学的统一难题、信息-载体二元对立矛盾以及意识现象的物理本质缺失等核心挑战。本文系统阐述原创性的信息函数宇宙学（Information Function Cosmology, IFC）理论框架，该理论以1比特信息基元为宇宙唯一本体，通过三条自洽公理构建了信息场与时空几何的双向耦合动力学体系。IFC从第一性原理出发，推导了时空涌现、引力起源、物质形成、基本粒子相互作用乃至意识相变的完整机制，消解了传统物理学中信息与载体、波与粒子的二元对立，提出了可定量检验的实验预言。研究表明，宇宙本质上是一个自存在、自演化、自观测的闭合信息处理系统，所有物理现象均为信息基元统计积分与双向耦合的涌现结果。该理论为基础物理的统一提供了全新路径，同时为生命与意识的研究建立物理基础。

本文将“还原论与整体论”的哲学争论转化为严格的数学命题并给出形式证明。我们定义：标量世界观等价于存在一个包含皮亚诺算术的完备递归公理化理论；张量世界观等价于真理作为理论范畴上的预层存在。通过哥德尔-罗瑟不完备定理\cite{godel1931formal,rosser1936extensions}，我们严格证伪了标量世界观的可能性。进一步，我们证明：在容纳算术的充分丰富的理论族上，真理结构必然形成一个非平坦的纤维化，其数学性质完全符合张量的公理性定义。这一结果为整体论提供了坚实的数学基础，并揭示了逻辑与几何之间的深刻对应。

本文以范畴论为数学工具\cite{maclane1998}，对中华文明源头符号系统——河图与洛书——进行严格的数学形式化，确立并证明《河图洛书共轭互逆定理》。该定理包含三个核心命题：河图与洛书各自构成严格范畴；两者之间存在一对互逆函子 \(F \dashv G\)；该函子对满足等价关系 \(G \circ F = \mathrm{Id}_{\mathcal{H}}\) 与 \(F \circ G = \mathrm{Id}_{\mathcal{L}}\)\cite{eilenberg1945}。定理证明：河图洛书不是两个独立的图式，而是同一存在结构在两个等价范畴中的投影，构成生成与成象的完美互逆对称。在此基础上，导出互逆对称线定理，并应用于黎曼猜想\cite{riemann1859}的证明。

We demonstrate that the three-movement structure of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No. 14 in C♯ minor (“Moonlight Sonata,” Op. 27 No. 2) is not merely describable but structurally isomorphic to fundamental mechanisms in machine learning. Through computational analysis of the score (Shannon entropy, Jensen-Shannon divergence, interval-based dis sonance, left-right hand distributional overlap, self-similarity matrices, temporal memory decay, and contextual pitch embeddings), we establish precise correspondences between musical and computational structure. Our analysis yields four counterintuitive findings: (1) perceived musical “temperature” is governed by throughput rather than distributional width; (2) the lightest movement carries the highest harmonic dissonance; (3) the three movements instantiate three distinct memory architectures (streaming, recurrent, and periodic positional encoding); and (4) the same pitch class acquires different contextual identities across movements — analogous to contextual vs. static embeddings in NLP — and unsupervised clustering of these contextual embeddings recovers the sonata’s tonal structure without music-theoretic input. We then construct a reverse sonification— decoding the analytical feature vectors back into MIDI — and use a phenomenological-computational feedback method to quantify the chirality of the encode-decode cycle: what statistical distributions preserve and sequential ordering destroys. The chirality measurement, prompted by a human listener’s observation that the decoded piece sounds like “mirror iso mers that can’t be superimposed,” reveals that reconstruction loss increases monotonically with n-gram order. Bootstrap null baselines and subsample robustness checks confirm that all three movements carry sequential in formation significantly above sampling noise, though raw chirality values are confounded by sample size — a finding we report transparently, as the robustness analysis itself demonstrates the methodology’s capacity for self-correction. Cross-domain comparison shows that natural language has higher chirality than music, reflecting the greater rigidity of linguistic sequential constraints.

We demonstrate that the three-movement structure of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No. 14 in C♯ minor (“Moonlight Sonata,” Op. 27 No. 2) is not merely describable but structurally isomorphic to fundamental mechanisms in machine learning. Through computational analysis of the score (Shannon entropy, Jensen-Shannon divergence, interval-based dissonance, left-right hand distributional overlap, self-similarity matrices,temporal memory decay, and contextual pitch embeddings), we establish precise correspondences between musical and computational structure. Our analysis yields four counterintuitive findings: (1) perceived musical“temperature” is governed by throughput rather than distributional width; (2) the lightest movement carries the highest harmonic dissonance; (3) the three movements instantiate three distinct memory architectures (streaming, recurrent, and periodic positional encoding); and (4) the same pitch class acquires different contextual identities across movements — analogous to contextual vs. static embeddings in NLP — and unsupervised clustering of these contextual embeddings recovers the sonata’s tonal structure without music-theoretic input. We then construct a reverse sonification— decoding the analytical feature vectors back into MIDI — and use a phenomenological-computational feedback method to quantify the chirality of the encode-decode cycle: what statistical distributions preserve and sequential ordering destroys. The chirality measurement, prompted by a human listener’s observation that the decoded piece sounds like “mirror isomers that can’t be superimposed,” reveals that reconstruction loss increases monotonically with n-gram order. Bootstrap null baselines and subsample robustness checks confirm that all three movements carry sequential in formation significantly above sampling noise, though raw chirality values are confounded by sample size — a finding we report transparently, as the robustness analysis itself demonstrates the methodology’s capacity for self-correction. Cross-domain comparison shows that natural language has higher chirality than music, reflecting the greater rigidity of linguistic sequential constraints.

当前中国生育率持续走低，学界多将其归因于现实层面的经济压力与婚育成本。然而，本文提出一个被长期忽视的视角：青年一代的恐婚恐育情绪并非全然源于成年后的现实体验，而可能是一种“错位”与“滞后”的心理建构——大量关于婚育压力的信息在个体尚未具备完整认知能力和经济独立性的青少年时期即被过早摄入，形成深层的无力感与防御机制。本文以青年男性为切入点，系统分析其婚育焦虑的前置化路径，揭示互联网传播的算法放大效应、家庭叙事的隐性传递以及教育系统的结构性缺位在这一过程中的协同作用，并进一步探讨青年女性面临的镜像困境。在此基础上，本文提出面向青少年的婚育教育科普的必要性与实施框架，以期为缓解低生育意愿提供新的干预思路。

We develop a comprehensive geometric framework for gravity in which the fundamental dynamical variable is the distortion tensor D^μ_{ νρ} = Γ^μ_{ νρ} − {^μ_{ νρ}}, encoding both torsion and non-metricity. After reviewing the foundations of metric-affine geometry, we construct the most general action that is quadratic in the distortion and linear in the Levi-Civita curvature, supplemented by a Yang–Mills–type kinetic term. The resulting theory propagates three independent modes: a massless graviton, a massive vector, and a massive scalar. We derive the full non-linear field equations, linearize them around Minkowski spacetime, perform a complete mode decomposition, and analyze the stability and unitarity of each sector. In the low-energy regime we show that General Relativity is recovered exactly below the distortion mass scale. We then investigate cosmological solutions, finding that the vector mode can drive late-time acceleration without requiring a cosmological constant. Black hole solutions are analyzed perturbatively, revealing a possible mechanism for singularity regularization. We also discuss gravitational-wave signatures, including dipole radiation sourced by the vector mode, and provide preliminary constraints from LIGO/Virgo observations. Finally, we outline the power-counting renormalizability of the theory and its prospects as an ultraviolet completion of General Relativity.

Let \(F\) be a field of characteristic \(0\) and let \(H = C_3 \times C_3\) act regularly as a transitive subgroup of \(S_9\). We resolve Problem~5.2 of Auel--Brussel--Garibaldi--Vishne: \(Z_H(F,9)\), the center of the generic division algebra of degree~\(9\) with \(H\)-action, is \emph{not} stably rational and \emph{not} rational, but is retract rational over~\(F\). The non-stable-rationality is proved by computing \(\coh^2(H, M|_H) \cong C_9\) for the restricted Procesi lattice and showing that its exponent~\(9\) is incompatible with stable permutation (all permutation lattices have \(\coh^2\)-exponent dividing~\(3\)). This integral cohomological obstruction is of a different nature from the classical unramified Brauer group (\(\Br_{\mathrm{nr}}(F(H)^H/F) \cong C_3\), Proposition~\ref{prop:B0}), which governs the Noether problem but not \(Z_H(F,9)\). The proof generalizes to all odd primes~\(p\): for \(H = C_p \times C_p \subset S_{p^2}\), one obtains \(\coh^2(H, M|_H) \cong C_{p^2}\) while permutation lattices have exponent dividing~\(p\), so \(Z_H(F, p^2)\) is not stably rational.

Let $A,B$ be degree-$p$ division algebras over a complete discrete valuation field with $\ind(A\otimes B)<\ind(A)\cdot\ind(B)$. We study the existence of common cyclic maximal subfields of $A$ and $B$ in two complementary settings. In characteristic $\neq p$ (with $\mu_p\subset F$), we classify the common subfields via the Faddeev exact sequence on the Brauer group, giving explicit criteria in the unramified, mixed, and both-ramified valuation regimes, and prove a norm intersection formula. In characteristic $p$, we prove that when the residue field has trivial $p$-torsion Brauer group, every pair of degree-$p$ $p$-algebras shares the common Artin--Schreier splitting field $K(\wp^{-1}(\pi))$. For general non-Henselian fields, we identify structural obstructions in both settings.

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波普尔的“可证伪性”划界标准，在二十世纪被奉为科学哲学的圭臬\cite{popper1959}。本文在朱梁整体论公理体系的严格框架下，对其进行了根本性的元数学清算。我们证明：波普尔的实证主义并非真正的“逻辑实证”，而是以“经验实证”冒充“逻辑实证”的伪科学偷换概念。其核心谬误在于用有限经验的或然性，僭越了从公理出发的逻辑必然性。这一谬误并非无意的认知错误，而是维护还原论范式既得利益的“心术”——它为局部经验检验提供了“科学合法性”的哲学背书，并系统性地将一切整体论研究驱逐出“科学”的疆域。在整体论宪法下，真正的科学检验是同构确定性验证与预测必然性验证\cite{zhu2026test}，而波普尔的“证伪”被正名为劫数识别——不是理论的死亡判决，而是范式升维的召唤。

本文以林德曼-魏尔斯特拉斯定理（1882）\cite{lindemann1882,weierstrass1885}为核心数学证据，在 ECT-OS-JiuHuaShan 框架下给出整体论作为数学定理的严格证明。论证表明：任何包含圆对象 $S^1$ 的世界模型，其度量域 $\mathbb{M}$ 必严格大于代数闭包 $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$，因此整体涌现性不可还原为部分之代数组合。在此基础上，本文对还原论泛化世界观进行合法性审判，揭示其核心命题 $\text{World} \subseteq \overline{\mathbb{Q}}^n$ 已被数学证伪逾140年却仍以“科学”之名运作的结构性欺诈。通过建立庞氏骗局与还原论泛化的结构同构，本文给出终审裁决：还原论泛化世界观从未合法，是以局域成功为诱饵的存在论庞氏骗局，其合法性自 $\pi$ 被证明为超越数之日起已永久废止。

当代网络空间中的两性对立情绪呈现常态化与激化趋势，已超越单纯的观念分歧，成为影响社会共识的重要议题。本文从社会心理学与传播学视角出发，提出一个分析性命题：两性对立的表层是性别利益之争，其深层则是一套由归因谬误、刻板印象与群体极化构成的认知闭环，并在算法技术的催化下形成了自我强化的“话语螺旋”。研究发现，公众常将职场性别差异简单归咎于“男性群体压迫”，而忽视了生育成本社会化不足等制度性诱因；同时，极端个案经由启发式认知被上升为群体标签，导致普通个体在无意识中被卷入对抗。本文认为，治理两性对立不应止步于道德呼吁或内容封禁，而需在承认结构性不平等的前提下，从认知纠偏与话语生态重构两个维度协同推进。

线粒体是真核细胞中负责能量代谢的关键细胞器，其自身携带的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）突变可导致多种严重的遗传性疾病。近年来，线粒体基因编辑技术的快速发展为治疗这类疾病提供了新的可能。本文综述了线粒体基因编辑技术的发展历程，从早期的锌指核酸酶（ZFN）和转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶（TALEN）到新一代的碱基编辑技术（DdCBE、TALED等），介绍了各类编辑工具的核心原理及其在线粒体中的适配策略。同时，本文总结了该技术在线粒体遗传病治疗、农业育种以及疾病模型构建等方面的应用进展，并对当前面临的脱靶效应、递送效率、伦理争议等挑战进行了分析，最后展望了未来的发展方向。

Let $p$ be an odd prime, $F$ a complete DVF of characteristic $0$ with $\mu_p\subset F$, and $D\simeq(a_1,b_1)_F\otimes_F(a_2,b_2)_F$ a decomposable central division algebra of index $p^2$ and period $p$. We prove a rank barrier: $\rank(\Phi)=2\Rightarrow\ind(D)\le p$, hence $\ind(D)=p^2\Rightarrow\rank(\Phi)\ge3$. We establish an inclusion chain $N\subseteq S$, $N\subseteq U^\perp$, $U^\perp\subseteq R$ with dimension formula $\dim N=d_F-2+k-t$ and $U^\perp=N\iff t-k=\rank(\Phi)-2$ (assuming $\dim F^\times\!/F^{\times p}<\infty$). Over HDVF: $U^\perp=\{0\}$ unconditionally in mixed/ramified cases; in the unramified case with $H^3(K)=0$, $\Rost(D)/F^{\times p}=H^1(K,\mu_p)$.

本文系统综述了单分子蛋白质测序的两大技术路线——电子隧穿识别和纳米孔传感，涵盖从氨基酸识别到全长蛋白质测序的关键突破，并展望了在精准医学和单细胞蛋白质组学中的应用前景。

本综述系统梳理了新兴单分子蛋白质测序技术的前沿进展，涵盖电子隧穿识别技术和纳米孔蛋白质测序技术两大主流路线，讨论了直接测序、标记辅助传感和天然蛋白质直接传感三种纳米孔核心策略，并分析了Quantum-Si等商业化平台的进展和临床转化前景，最后展望了技术挑战和未来发展方向。

We propose a heuristic framework, called the Topological Dynamics of Existence and Surprise (TDES), for complex adaptive systems. The framework is built on two axioms. Axiom~I (Energy–Structure Law), inspired by non‑equilibrium thermodynamics, states that any persistent open system expands its functional order and energy throughput when effective energy is abundant, and actively discards structures according to topological priority when energy is scarce; expansion and ordering inevitably generate contradictions (waste heat and internal tensions). Axiom~II (Minimization of Surprise Law), rooted in the Free Energy Principle, states that a system continuously minimizes the discrepancy between its internal model and sensory signals. From these axioms we construct seven core equations involving five core variables: the possibility landscape $\Phi$, mobilization field $\mathbf{v}_M$, constraint force $S$, contradiction accumulation $C$, and collective expected free energy $\overline{G}$. The equations are built as the simplest mathematical expressions consistent with the axioms; their validity is to be judged by empirical testing. We derive a linearised oscillation mode (C–S phase lag) that gives rise to periodic behaviour. Several conditional propositions (lock‑in, dual‑channel early warning, necessity theorem, scale resonance) are discussed, and preliminary empirical evidence is presented. The framework aims to bridge non‑equilibrium thermodynamics and the Free Energy Principle, offering a common language for systems ranging from cellular metabolism to civilisations.