Papers

线粒体是真核细胞中负责能量代谢的关键细胞器，其自身携带的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）突变可导致多种严重的遗传性疾病。近年来，线粒体基因编辑技术的快速发展为治疗这类疾病提供了新的可能。本文综述了线粒体基因编辑技术的发展历程，从早期的锌指核酸酶（ZFN）和转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶（TALEN）到新一代的碱基编辑技术（DdCBE、TALED等），介绍了各类编辑工具的核心原理及其在线粒体中的适配策略。同时，本文总结了该技术在线粒体遗传病治疗、农业育种以及疾病模型构建等方面的应用进展，并对当前面临的脱靶效应、递送效率、伦理争议等挑战进行了分析，最后展望了未来的发展方向。

This paper investigates a hierarchical approach to the optimal scheduling of flexibility offered as transactive energy by thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs). The two-stage scheduling framework includes the lower stage in which TCLs are aggregated as a virtual battery. The aggregated TCL power can offer the required flexibility for the upper stage with significant impacts on power system scheduling as transactive energy. Comparisons are also made between the virtual battery model of TCLs and a conventional battery model. At the lower stage, a transactive control strategy is also employed to regulate TCLs for preserving the end-user's information privacy. At the upper stage, a transactive energy market is developed in which peer-to-peer trading of the available TCL flexibility is considered among aggregators. Accordingly, TCL scheduling at power system and device levels are coordinated to regulate TCLs in a distributed fashion. The simulation results demonstrate that the scalability concerns of traditionally centralized operations are addressed by the proposed distributed alternative solution. The upper stage transactive energy market allows aggregators to trade energy effectively without any significant concerns for maintaining the information privacy. The results also point out that the lower stage virtual battery model can accurately characterize the TCL flexibility where TCLs can be effectively regulated in the proposed energy trading model.

本综述系统梳理了新兴单分子蛋白质测序技术的前沿进展，涵盖电子隧穿识别技术和纳米孔蛋白质测序技术两大主流路线，讨论了直接测序、标记辅助传感和天然蛋白质直接传感三种纳米孔核心策略，并分析了Quantum-Si等商业化平台的进展和临床转化前景，最后展望了技术挑战和未来发展方向。

We present a systematic and deliberately conservative synthesis of a 258-gate research archive on four-dimensional gravity, Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) quantization, Bondi–Metzner–Sachs (BMS) boundary symmetry, infrared domains, and operator-theoretic completion. The archive contains exact finite checkers for each gate, but a finite checker is not identified with a proof of an infinite-dimensional theorem. We therefore separate four epistemic classes: (i) theorem-level statements whose hypotheses and analytic domains are fully stated; (ii) conditional theorems; (iii) finite algebraic or numerical skeletons; and (iv) open or retracted extrapolations. The strongest audited results are: the two-helicity quotient of linearized Einstein gravity; positive free graviton quantization away from zero momentum; the classical BV master equation and a local, formal causal-renormalization chain; a detailed classical BV–BFV/BMS boundary construction in specified jet and edge categories; a massless radiation Hilbert complex; a sharp collinear Sobolev trace theorem; and several no-go results showing that the standard angular L2 Fock representation does not support the actual order-zero collinear nonlinear block as a closable operator. For the diagonal trace Dt:Ht(S2)⊗2Ht(S2)⟶Ht(S2) we prove the sharp trichotomy t≤12:nonclosable,12<t≤1:closable but unbounded,t>1:bounded. Pure supertranslation phases intertwine exactly on the intrinsic collinear incidence measure, while a scalar complementary-series norm leaves only the candidate window 1/2<τ<1; that window is not an actual nonlinear Einstein–BV module. The audit also finds decisive failures in a later imported chain. In particular, a Lagrangian Weyl subalgebra was incorrectly treated as central; a nonconstant supertranslation multiplier was incorrectly assumed to commute with angular smoothing; an order-minus-two resolvent was incorrectly declared trace class on S2; and a sharp-cutoff compression proposal, tail-probability bounds, and uncertainty upper bounds were overinterpreted as self-adjoint truncation, dynamical barriers, and operational discreteness. Consequently the archive does not prove a one-loop boundary QME, an interacting BMS charge algebra, infrared-complete scattering, asymptotic completeness, black-hole information recovery, or complete quantum gravity. The paper includes the proof routes, dependency graph, failure modes, and a gate-by-gate evidence atlas needed for independent reconstruction.

Let \(F\) be a field of characteristic \(p > 0\). We resolve Problem~2.2 of Auel--Brussel--Garibaldi--Vishne: every \(p\)-algebra of degree~\(p^2\) over \(F\) is a crossed product.

Let \(F\) be a field of characteristic \(0\) and let \(H = C_3 \times C_3\) act regularly as a transitive subgroup of \(S_9\). We resolve Problem~5.2 of Auel--Brussel--Garibaldi--Vishne: \(Z_H(F,9)\), the center of the generic division algebra of degree~\(9\) with \(H\)-action, is \emph{not} stably rational and \emph{not} rational, but is retract rational over~\(F\). The non-stable-rationality is proved by computing \(\coh^2(H, M|_H) \cong C_9\) for the restricted Procesi lattice and showing that its exponent~\(9\) is incompatible with stable permutation (all permutation lattices have \(\coh^2\)-exponent dividing~\(3\)). This integral cohomological obstruction is of a different nature from the classical unramified Brauer group (\(\Br_{\mathrm{nr}}(F(H)^H/F) \cong C_3\), Proposition~\ref{prop:B0}), which governs the Noether problem but not \(Z_H(F,9)\). The proof generalizes to all odd primes~\(p\): for \(H = C_p \times C_p \subset S_{p^2}\), one obtains \(\coh^2(H, M|_H) \cong C_{p^2}\) while permutation lattices have exponent dividing~\(p\), so \(Z_H(F, p^2)\) is not stably rational.